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< Back Join us at DBWRS 2023 15 Aug 2023 Get inspired at the first Dutch-Belgian Workshop on Recommender Systems Get ready for the first Dutch-Belgian Workshop on Recommender Systems (DBWRS)! On 14 and 15 December 2023, researchers and practitioners gather in the beautiful city of Antwerp for a two-day workshop to to explore and discuss the latest advancements, challenges, and opportunities in the field of recommender systems. DBWRS is a collaborative event bridging diverse field such as computer science, data science, artificial intelligence, psychology, communication, and more! Together we spark innovative and interdisciplanary approaches that enhance user experiences, empower perzonalization and contribute to the growing field of recomemnder systems. We invite you to join us at DBWRS 2023! Share your insights, connect with other researchers and practitioners and get inspired by experts. See you in Antwerp on 14 & 15 December 2023. www.dbwrs23.be Previous Next

< Back LLMs and Recommenders Ulysse Maes PhD Researcher My four-year PhD program embarks on an insightful journey to explore the influence of foundational models, particularly Large Language Models (LLMs), on recommender interfaces. This research aims to bridge the gap between cutting-edge technology and user-centric design, focusing on how AI can enhance the user experience in recommender systems, thereby contributing to the rapidly evolving field of intelligent user interfaces, The first phase of my research delves into the transformative role of LLMs in shaping more interactive and engaging recommender user experiences. Here, I map out how these advanced models can redefine user interaction, making it more intuitive and appealing. Central to this phase is not only the exploration of the potential of LLMs but also a critical examination of the risks involved. Ensuring the ethical application of these technologies in real-world scenarios is a cornerstone of my study, as it balances innovation with responsibility. Shifting gears in the second phase, the research will pivot towards the creation and evaluation of user interfaces. This phase is dedicated to experimenting with novel layout and presentation patterns, rigorously assessing them both quantitatively and qualitatively. The goal is to uncover design strategies that align with the diverse objectives of various stakeholders in the recommender system domain. By intertwining state-of-the-art AI research with the underexplored realm of user interaction in recommender systems, my project aims to make significant contributions to the discourse on ethical AI applications. The insights gained are expected to fuel discussions around AI ethics in recommender systems and inspire professionals to adopt more user-friendly and effective design patterns. Ultimately, this research seeks to set a new benchmark in how we integrate generative AI technologies into user interfaces, ensuring they are not only advanced but also ethical and user-centric. Publications Not One News Recommender To Fit Them All: How Different Recommender Strategies Serve Various User Segments 22/09/2025 GenUI(ne) CRS: UI Elements and Retrieval-Augmented Generation in Conversational Recommender Systems with LLMs 08/10/2024 Supervisors Annelien Smets Research Professor Tim Raats Associate Professor Related news 2 Impressions of IBC 2025 Ulysse’s Impressions of the International Broadcasting Convention 2025: Shaping The Future. 2 Looking back at IUI 2025 Ulysse attended the conference and presented at the AXAI workshop 2 Looking back at RecSys 2024 Sharing our reflections on the ACM RecSys Conference 2024 Previous Next

< Back Our work-in-progress at DBWRS 2023 18 Dec 2023 Explore our work-in-progress presentations at DBWRS2023 Last week our team attended the first edition of the Dutch-Belgian Workshop on Recommender Systems. DBWRS 2023 proved to be a dynamic event for the exchange of ideas, insights, and ongoing research. Among the highlights were the six compelling work-in-progress posters presented by our researchers. In this blog post, we are excited to share a glimpse into these projects, providing a brief overview of the groundbreaking work our team is currently undertaking. 1. What Will We Be Streaming Tonight? And Why? This project delves into the fascinating world of streaming preferences. The Living Lab project explores the affordances that influence users' choices in content consumption. From binge-worthy series to thought-provoking documentaries, we're unraveling the intricate tapestry of streaming behaviors. 2. Newsroom Realities: An Exploration of Changing Dynamics in News Organizations in Relation to Recommender Systems In a rapidly evolving media landscape, Hanne's PhD-journey investigates the impact of implementing recommender systems on newsroom dynamics. How do different stakeholders wihtin news organizations look at the potential opportunities and risks of recommendations and personalization? 3. Assessing the Potential of Large Language Models for Personalized Explainable Recommendations in Media Large language models have revolutionized natural language processing. In his PhD, Ulysse will explore their potential for personalized and explainable recommendations in the media domain. Uncover the methodologies and insights that pave the way for a more transparent and user-centric recommender system. 4. Intention and Behavior: A Systematic Review of Literature on Users Preferences in Recommendation Systems Understanding users is at the heart of designing effective recommendation systems. Through an systematic literature review, Dongxiao sheds light on the intricate interplay between user intentions and actual behavior. 5. Discovering the Rhythm: The Impact of Online Platform Recommender Systems on Music Discoverability Music is a universal language, and our researchers in the FairMuse project are exploring how online platform recommender systems influence the discoverability of music. From algorithmic playlists to tailored suggestions, we're uncovering the rhythm that shapes users' musical exploration. 6. Gatekeeping in the Digital Age: Newsroom Resistance to News Personalization As news personalization becomes more prevalent, Aina investigates the resistance to recommender systems in newsrooms in Spain as a part of the Algepi-project . These work-in-progress posters showcase the diversity and depth of ongoing research of the SRP Media team. Together, we navigate the ever-changing landscape of recommender systems, digital platforms and streaming services. Previous Next

< Back Looking back at RecSys 2024 23 Oct 2024 Sharing our reflections on the ACM RecSys Conference 2024 Some researchers of the SRP Media team recently attended the 18th ACM Conference on Recommender Systems (RecSys 2024) in Bari, Italy. Known for its stunning coastline and sunny weather, Bari provided the perfect backdrop for a gathering of both academic and industry experts in recommender systems. Beyond indulging in the delicious Italian cuisine and navigating the city’s chaotic traffic, our team traveled to Bari to share our latest research, gain insights from the inspiring talks, and engage with the Recsys community. SRP Media's Contributions at RecSys 2024 A previous blog post already summarizes all of the SRP Media team's contributions to the conference. Annelien and Lien each gave a learning session at the RecSys Summer School, which took place the week before the conference. Ulysse attended the Summer School and then stayed another week in beautiful Bari to present a demo poster at the conference. During the conference, Brett participated in the doctoral symposium, where he presented his initial findings and received valuable feedback from leading experts. In addition, there was also a poster for Hanne and Annelien's paper which got shortlisted for the Best Short Paper Award! The RecSys Summer School: Gaining Insights Although RecSys 2024 officially kicked off on October 14th, some of our team members arrived in Bari a week early to attend the ACM Europe School on Recommender Systems. On the program there was Lien Michiels 's lecture on Best Practices for Offline Evaluation and Annelien Smets ' course on Digital Economics and Recommender Systems . Their insights offered a refreshing perspective amidst the buzz around transformer-based algorithms. Ulysse, as a participant in the Summer School, had the chance to connect with fellow researchers from around the world, fostering an environment of collaboration and learning. The Main Conference: Workshops, Presentations, and Keynotes The RecSys conference consists of two parts: on Monday and Friday, a series of workshops and presentations took place at the Politecnico University of Bari. From Tuesday to Thursday, the main track continues with an extensive program of lectures, presentations and posters at the magnificent Teatro Petruzzelli. Some of our highlights: Ulysse's highlights For Ulysse, one of the standout moments was the CARS workshop led by Dr. Rishabh Mehrotra from Sourcegraph. Drawing on his experience at Spotify, Dr. Mehrotra presented a thorough analysis of eight real-world recommendation challenges, offering invaluable insights into the practical applications of recommendation systems. Ulysse also appreciated a keynote from Mounia Lalmas, also from Spotify, as well as events like the Women in RecSys session, the Normalize workshop, and Netflix’s “Raising a Recommender System”—although his duties as a student volunteer required him to follow these online. Brett's reflections Brett's experience at the doctoral symposium was the outstanding highlight of the week. Thanks to valuable feedback from experts such as Julia Neidhardt, Markus Zanger and Bart Knijnenburg, Brett gained new clarity on his PhD project, particularly his development of the "Serendiptionnaire" a tool designed to evaluate how recommender systems promote serendipity. Throughout the main track, Brett found himself both impressed and challenged by the industry presence. While captivated by the venue and delighted by the food, he noted a strong focus on technical issues, which sometimes overshadowed a more human-centered approach. Mark Riedl’s keynote resonated with this perspective, particularly the idea that recommender systems should enhance user agency. Workshops like RecSoGood, AltRec , and the POPROX project emphasizing the importance of considering the societal implications of research on recommender system. Hanne’s first RecSys Attending the RecSys Conference in person for the first time was an exciting and enriching experience. The conference brings together researchers and industry practitioners from a wide range of sectors, creating a vibrant and open-minded community. The empowerment of women in this traditionally male-dominated field, with the Women in RecSys breakfast and session is very valuable to facilitate connections. Her own contribution, a short paper titled “It’s (not) all about that CTR: A Multi-stakeholder Perspective on News Recommender Metrics” was shortlisted for the Best Short Paper award. This nomination, together with the encouraging feedback on the poster, is a testament to the importance of interdisciplinary approaches in recommender system research. The need for bridging the gap between academia and industry echoed throughout the week. Final Thoughts: A Rich Exchange of Ideas and Inspiration RecSys 2024 in Bari offered not only an incredible learning experience but also an opportunity to engage with great minds in the Recsys field. From insightful workshops and keynotes to helpful feedback and new connections, our team left the conference feeling motivated and inspired. As we look ahead, the key takeaway is clear: recommender systems must evolve beyond technical optimization. The importance of fostering user agency, promoting social sciences in the research on recommenders, and bridging the gap between academia and industry applications is more pressing than ever. Previous Next

< Back Integrating discoverability and prominence in video-on-demand consumption choices. A qualitative user study in Belgium Iordache, C., Loisen, J., & Van Audenhove, L. (2023). Integrating discoverability and prominence in video-on-demand consumption choices. A qualitative user study in Belgium. International Communication Gazette . https://doi.org/10.1177/17480485231191898 As video-on-demand services have taken a central position in audiovisual distribution in European markets, over-the-top viewing has become increasingly popular. This shift has heavily impacted consumption patterns and exposure diversity, as they are reshaped by non-linear distribution and technological affordances. This article aims to integrate debates on discoverability and prominence within wider research on video-on-demand consumption. It does so by widening the existing focus on the strategies deployed by video-on-demand services to capture users’ contexts and actions in the consumption decision-making process. The framework is based on exploratory qualitative research conducted in Belgium through a diary study and in-depth interviews and can contribute to future audience research on video-on-demand consumption choices. We find that users discover and choose audiovisual content to consume on demand through a combination of formal and informal factors. These are grouped into four thematic categories, namely technological affordances, perceived offering, external ‘nudges’, and process. Platforms Previous Read the article Next

< Back Workshop: Best Practices for Responsible News Recommender Design 24 Sept 2024 Our takeaways from the workshop part of the NWO-funded project "Rethinking news algorithms" On 23rd of September, Aina, Hanne, and Ulysse traveled to the Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam for the workshop "Best practices for responsible news recommender design," part of the NWO-funded project "Rethinking news algorithms". This one-day event aimed to foster collaboration between academia and industry, focusing on the ethical design of news recommender systems. Aina and Hanne presented initial insights from their systematic literature review that aims to uncover the organizational challenges, opportunities and social implications of news recommendation systems studied in Western media systems. One significant observation from the day highlighted the challenges in aligning all aspects of responsible news recommenders with diverse stakeholder goals. A key takeaway from our engaging conversations with colleagues and industry professionals is that diversity is frequently considered essential for the development of responsible recommenders, given the close relationship between the democratic function of news and media pluralism. The workshop enabled a cooperative sharing of ideas, fostering the co-creation of optimal strategies for responsible news algorithms. Attendees also pinpointed prospective research paths, underscoring the necessity of ongoing interdisciplinary collaboration to explore the societal implications of these systems. Previous Next

< Back Interface real estate: Amazon Prime and visibility politics van Es, K., & Iordache, C. (2025). Interface real estate: Amazon Prime and visibility politics. Critical Studies in Television , 0 (0). https://doi.org/10.1177/17496020251375211 This paper investigates how Amazon Prime Video’s interface design affects content visibility, specifically analysing the prioritisation of Prime-included versus third-party content. Using the Vignette tool on French accounts, we conducted a mixed-methods analysis of homepage structures, including row hierarchies and title heatmaps across multiple user profiles. We find that while Prime Video shares common strategies with other services (e.g. own content prioritisation and burying the continue watching button), it distinguishes itself with a uniquely dense landing page layout featuring a large number of thumbnails and content rows. This design reveals deeper commercial logics shaped by Amazon’s integrated retail model. Previous Read the article Next

< Back Towards a Pragmatic Approach for studying Normative Recommender Systems Binst, B., Vandenbroucke, H., Li, D., Puskas, I., Van der Elst, P., & Smets, A. (Accepted/In press). Towards a Pragmatic Approach for studying Normative Recommender Systems: Exploring Power Dynamics in Digital Platform Markets. In Proceedings of the the First Workshop on Normative Design and Evaluation of Recommender Systems . Recommender systems (RSs) have become an integral part of digital platforms, helping users to navigate through the abundance of online content and services. This paper argues that the study of normative RSs should go beyond the mere conceptualization of normativity and examine the conditions and contextual factors that might foster normative RSs. RSs often operate within multisided markets, involving multiple stakeholders who influence and are influenced by the RS. Ideally, developers of RSs aim for value alignment among diverse stakeholders, fostering a win-win scenario. However, in practice, system providers hold more power over the design, often optimizing for their own objectives and neglecting the needs and values of other stakeholders. These imbalanced power dynamics in digital platform markets pose significant challenges to the design. This paper critically examines two key economic dynamics in digital media markets that challenge the development of normative RSs. The first hurdle describes the susceptibility of digital platform markets to lock-in and monopolization due to network effects, which skews the power balance in favor system. A second hurdle critically examines the pervasive \"attention economy\" and corresponding engagement-centric logic in the design of RSs that might diverge from explicit or long-term users' preferences despite the success in increasing engagement. To illustrate the importance of these dynamics in real-world RSs, we present how these hurdles manifest in the domains of video-on-demand and news media. In conclusion, this paper advocates for a more pragmatic approach to studying normative RSs by considering the two hurdles affecting the RS development in contemporary digital platform markets. Furthermore, it highlights the fruitfulness of this pragmatic approach by proposing policy recommendations to tackle normative challenges in RSs’ design. Recommender Systems Previous Read the article Next

< Back Valdy Wiratama Researcher valdy.wiratama@vub.be Growing up during the Web 2.0 era, the Internet left a favorable impression on my engagement with content. From dissecting events through discourses on Twitter to discovering new music on MySpace, the Internet enabled me to access a wider range of information and adjust my preferences at a reduced rate. While I can easily comprehend these effects as a media consumer, I can only imagine the ramifications on actors, musicians, and even print journalists. Lower barriers to entry amplify their competition, while the resulting oversupply threatens the exposure of smaller creators. With a current comprehension that requires more observations, my professional work is dedicated to understanding the supply side of the media industry and its relationship with the Internet. Particularly, I am invested in recorded music and its ever-evolving response towards platformization, online intermediaries, and the long tail hypothesis. As for the foundation that guides my outset in rationalizing phenomena, the baseline principle that I commonly work with is economics. I earned a Bachelor’s degree in economics from the University of Indonesia in 2018 and a Master of Arts degree (M.A.) in cultural economics and entrepreneurship from Erasmus University Rotterdam in 2022. To obtain the latter, I completed a thesis with the title ‘Backstage at the Pandemic: How the COVID-19 Pandemic Affected Music Production, Distribution, and Promotion among Unsigned Musicians in the United States.’ After defending the thesis, I joined an independent record label in The Netherlands before transitioning to a role that centers around fairness in the music industry (the FairMusE project) at imec-SMIT, VUB in 2023. Visit my research profile

< Back GenUI(ne) CRS: UI Elements and Retrieval-Augmented Generation in Conversational Recommender Systems with LLMs Maes, U. , Michiels, L. & Smets, A. , (8 Oct 2024). GenUI(ne) CRS: UI Elements and Retrieval-Augmented Generation in Conversational Recommender Systems with LLMs. Proceedings of the 18th ACM Conference on Recommender Systems. Bari: ACM , p. 1177-1179 Previous research has used Large Language Models (LLMs) to develop personalized Conversational Recommender Systems (CRS) with text-based user interfaces (UIs). However, the potential of LLMs to generate interactive graphical elements that enhance user experience remains largely unexplored. To address this gap, we introduce "GenUI(ne) CRS," a novel framework designed to leverage LLMs for adaptive and interactive UIs. Our framework supports domain-specific graphical elements such as buttons and cards, in addition to text-based inputs. It also addresses the common LLM issue of outdated knowledge, known as the "knowledge cut-off," by implementing Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG). To illustrate its potential, we developed a prototype movie CRS. This work demonstrates the feasibility of LLM-powered interactive UIs and paves the way for future CRS research, including user experience validation, transparent explanations, and addressing LLM biases. Recommender Systems Previous Read the article Next

< Back Ciao from EMMA in Rome! 5 Jun 2025 Our presentations at the emma Conference 2025 On the first day of the EMMA Conference, Aina, Hanne, and Pieter joined over 20 other PhD students from all over Europe for the inspiring PhD Workshop. In small groups, under the guidance of an experienced researcher, each student got the opportunity to present some issues related to their PhD track, delving into theoretical frameworks, methodological approaches, data analysis, the writing process, and mental challenges such as dealing with impostor syndrome, The diversity of research themes and perspectives is of great value to our three PhD’ers as their starting the third year of their track. The workshop provided room for deepening, exchange, and building a valuable network of fellow researchers. And of course, there was also time to enjoy the sunshine, have an espresso, Aperol Spritz, and taste some Italian delicacies! 😋🇮🇹🍕 The second day of the EMMA Conference was dominated by fascinating presentations, including that of our colleague Aina , who presented her research with great flair. Aina’s ongoing research (as part of the ALGEPI project ) investigates how Europe’s AI regulatory frameworks—ranging from the EU’s AI Act and European Media Freedom Act (EMFA) to UNESCO and Council of Europe guidelines and national AI strategies in Belgium, France, and Spain—are or are not reshaping newsroom governance. The goal of this research is to explore the intersection between regulation and journalism more closely trying to understand how AI regulation translates into newsroom realities across European contexts. Through a two‐step approach of document analysis and interviews with legal experts, media managers, and practitioners, she discussed the impact of both hard and soft law in the journalistic context as well as media‐tailored AI policies that balance compliance with editorial independence. Next to Aina’s insights, it was inspiring to hear from other research themes and get some findings from other studies. After a strong day at the conference, we had a chance to explore beautiful Rome and do some sightseeing. The day ended in style with a delicious buffet full of authentic Italian dishes.🍝🍦 On day three of the EMMA Conference, it was Hanne and Pieter's turn to present their research. Together, they gave an engaging joint presentation in which they shared a comparative analysis of how decision-making around recommender systems for media distribution is shaped in commercial media companies and public broadcasters. Building upon the framework of Smets et al (2022), they investigate how the strategic perspective on integrating recommender systems differs in profit-oriented organizations and PSM. By integrating their individual case studies, they offered valuable insights into the divergent strategic goals, recommendation purposes, and the implications for the recommender system design. The take-away? There are some similar strategic goals and recommendation purposes for editorial, commercial, and technological stakeholders in both types of media organizations. Nevertheless, the interpretation of concepts such as 'relevant' and 'engagement' differs based on the organizational cultures in profit-driven and public service media. Slide of presentation: Preliminary findings on shared overarching strategic goals and recommendation purposes For those who cannot get enough of Pieter , he also gave an individual presentation afterwards in which he elaborated on his case study work on Flemish public broadcaster VRT. With a focus on the tensions and possible conflicts that arise between stakeholders in the decision-making processes that shape the recommender system development, his presentation elaborated on the stakeholders involved at PSM and the implications of (dis) alignment of their strategic interests. His VRT deep dive hinted at the merits of a stronger involvement of indirect stakeholders for public service delivery and provided learnings on how PSM could tackle future structural integrations of technological innovations, for example, that of generative AI, which was a heavily debated topic at this conference. Previous Next

< Back Annelien Smets Research Professor Annelien.Smets@vub.be Annelien is a senior researcher at SMIT in the Media Economics and Policy unit. Her research centers around personalization and recommender systems, and their value in media markets. Annelien holds a PhD in Media and Communication Studies (VUB) on the topic of serendipity in recommender systems and smart cities. She holds a master’s degree in Information Management (2016) and Artificial Intelligence (2017) from KU Leuven. Currently, Annelien is Research Professor at Vrije Universiteit Brussel, where she teaches courses on media economics, digital economics, digital business models, and digital innovation management. She is also co-chair of the Serendipity Academic Researchers Network, part of the Serendipity Society. Visit my research profile