Research Team Tim Raats Associate Professor Annelien Smets Research Professor Adelaida Afilipoaie Postdoctoral Researcher Hanne Vandenbroucke PhD Researcher Dongxiao Li PhD Researcher Runa Ziegler PhD Researcher Pieter Ballon Full Professor Heritiana Ranaivoson Research Professor Lien Michiels Postdoctoral Researcher Ulysse Maes PhD Researcher Nanoek Bos PhD Researcher Chloé Grangiens PhD Researcher Wendy Van den Broeck Associate professor Catalina Iordache Guest Professor Pieter Van der Elst PhD Researcher Brett Binst PhD Researcher Aina Errando PhD Researcher

Publications Filter by Tags Select Tags Let Me Introduce You: Stimulating Taste-Broadening Serendipity through Song Introductions Brett Binst, Ulysse Maes, Martijn Willemsen, and Annelien Smets. 2026. Let Me Introduce You: Stimulating Taste-Broadening Serendipity through Song Introductions. In 34th ACM Conference on User Modeling, Adaptation and Personalization (UMAP ’26), June 08–11, 2026, Gothenburg, Sweden. ACM, New York, NY, USA, 10 pages. https://doi.org/10.1145/3774935.3806164 Read More FIRE: A Modular Framework for Prototyping and Evaluating Interactive Recommender Explanations Ulysse Maes, Cedric Waterschoot, Francesco Barile, and Nava Tintarev. 2026. FIRE: A Modular Framework for Prototyping and Evaluating Interactive Recommender Explanations. In Proceedings of the 34th ACM Conference on User Modeling, Adaptation and Personalization (UMAP '26). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 484–486. Read More You Might Also (Not) Like … : Newsroom Wariness to News Personalisation? Errando, A., Afilipoaie, A., & Ranaivoson, H. (2026). You Might Also (Not) Like … : Newsroom Wariness to News Personalisation? Journalism Practice , 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1080/17512786.2026.2682271 Read More Frustrations with Access to Preferred Content: User Experiences with Bilibili’s Recommender Systems Reflected on Weibo Li, D., Ranaivoson, H., & Ballon, P. (2026). Frustrations with Access to Preferred Content: User Experiences with Bilibili’s Recommender Systems Reflected on Weibo. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction , 1–34. https://doi.org/10.1080/10447318.2026.2669039 Read More Multistakeholder challenges and opportunities of news recommender systems in newsrooms: a comparative systematic literature review Errando, A., Vandenbroucke, H., & Kulig, M. (2026). Multistakeholder challenges and opportunities of news recommender systems in newsrooms: a comparative systematic literature review. Annals of the International Communication Association Read More Beyond rational choice: A typology of urban discovery Binst, B., Michiels, L., & Smets, A. (2026). Beyond rational choice: A typology of urban discovery. Tourism Management , 113 , 105327. Read More Towards Adaptive Mixed-Initiative Media Recommender Systems with LLMs Ulysse Maes. 2026. Towards Adaptive Mixed-Initiative Media Recommender Systems with LLMs. In Companion Proceedings of the 31st International Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces (IUI '26 Companion). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 231–233. Read More Not that personal: A qualitative study of personalization practices on six European public streaming service Münter Lassen, J., Iordache, C., Martin, D., Bruun, H., Świtkowski, F., Nucci, A., & Johnson, C. (2026). Not that personal: A qualitative study of personalization practices on six European public streaming service. Television & New Media , 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1177/15274764251415356 Read More Understanding user preferences in recommender systems: A systematic review with a user-centric perspective in the audiovisual domain Li, D., Smets, A., & Ranaivoson, H. (2026). Understanding user preferences in recommender systems: A systematic review with a user-centric perspective in the audiovisual domain. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies , 103741. Read More Dubbing wars: localisation strategies of transnational streaming services for Spanish ‘original’ works Gallo, P., & Iordache, C. (2026). Dubbing wars: localisation strategies of transnational streaming services for Spanish ‘original’ works. Convergence: The International Journal of Research into New Media Technologies , 1-17. https://doi.org/10.1177/1354856526141627 Read More Welcome to the Metrics Jungle: Organizational Stakeholder Perspectives on Evaluation of News Recommender Systems in Industry Vandenbroucke, H., Michiels, L., & Smets, A. (2025). Welcome to the Metrics Jungle: Organizational Stakeholder Perspectives on evaluation of news recommender systems in industry. ACM Transactions on Recommender Systems, Highlights of RecSys ’24. https://doi.org/10.1145/3778173 Read More From Experimentation to Strategy: The Ambidextrous Balancing Act of Developing News Recommender Systems Vandenbroucke, H., & Smets, A. (2025). From experimentation to strategy: the ambidextrous balancing act of developing news recommender systems. Journal of Media Business Studies , 1–28. https://doi.org/10.1080/16522354.2025.2590880 Read More

Main Research Tracks News Recommenders in Small Media Markets Recommenders Read More LLMs and Recommenders Recommenders Read More Public Service Media and Platformization Platforms Read More Affiliated projects Advancing Media Recommendations through a User-Centric Understanding of Preferences, Experiences, and Agency Recommenders, User studies Read More Revisioning Public Interest Media Platforms, Public Service Broadcasting Read More Serendipity Engine Recommenders, Artificial Intelligence, Smart City, Diversity and Serendipity Read More Streaming Affordances for small media markets Platforms, Public Service Broadcasting, Streaming, Recommenders Read More Understanding Algorithmic gatekeepers to promote Epistemic welfare Artificial Intelligence, Platforms, Regulation, Media Policy Read More All our affiliated projects are part of the Media Economics & Policy unit at imec-SMIT, Vrije Universiteit Brussel . Researchers in this unit work on fundamental and applied research tracks seeking to advance knowledge on how digitalization, internationalization, and platformisation are impacting the business models of traditional media players, how these media players innovate and interact with new players, and how governments contribute to sustaining or strengthening local media ecosystems. The Media Economics & Policy unit is headed by prof. dr. Tim Raats . Click here to learn more about other projects in the Media Economics & Policy unit

Latest updates 1 Jul 2026 Serendipity Cards Want to design for serendipity? Get this practical card set! Read More 16 May 2026 NEW BOOK: Streaming Europe This book presents a comprehensive empirical examination of how global services like Netflix, Disney+, and Amazon Prime Video transform European media streaming Read More 20 Jan 2026 Out now: Handbook of Platform Urbanism Online Book Launch for the Handbook of Platform Urbanism Read More 9 Dec 2025 12 PhD positions available The RePim Doctoral Network is looking for 12 PhD positions Read More 15 Sept 2025 Impressions of IBC 2025 Ulysse’s Impressions of the International Broadcasting Convention 2025: Shaping The Future. Read More 21 Jul 2025 AI Summer School 2025 Aina's recap of the AI Summer School at KU Leuven Read More 15 Jul 2025 Report Published: How to Ensure Visibility and Prominence for Media Services of General Interest in Flanders Commissioned by the Flemish Minister of Media, this research report investigates findability, discoverability, and due prominence for audiovisual and auditive media services. Read More 5 Jun 2025 Ciao from EMMA in Rome! Our presentations at the emma Conference 2025 Read More 22 May 2025 Talking about Stakeholder Perspectives at WMEMC Hanne presented her research on stakeholder alignment for news recommender system development Read More 19 May 2025 Second Annual ALGEPI Workshop Insights on AI, Innovation and Media Regulation Read More 31 Mar 2025 Looking back at IUI 2025 Ulysse attended the conference and presented at the AXAI workshop Read More 27 Mar 2025 Policy Brief on Public Service Media in Belgium Findings and recommendations on the organisational and cultural challenges facing PSM in Belgium Read More 4 Feb 2025 #Etmaal2025 Hanne looking back on her presentation on Stakeholder Alignment for News Recommender System (NRS) Implementation Read More 3 Feb 2025 Call for Papers Special Issue Special Issue on Public Service Media in the Age of Platforms Read More 27 Jan 2025 New Policy Brief: Streaming Public Service Television in the Age of Platforms Evaluating Public Service Media (PSM) in-house video-on-demand (VoD) services Read More 4 Nov 2024 New policy brief: International versus local VOD In a new policy brief and webinar, we present the findings of research on motivations of Flemish viewers Read More 1 Nov 2024 New report of the Fair MusE project New report "From Value Networks for Recorded Music to Music Ecosystem" Read More 28 Oct 2024 Diversity in VOD services: Seminar highlights from Madrid Throwback on the international seminar on diversity and VOD services Read More 23 Oct 2024 Looking back at RecSys 2024 Sharing our reflections on the ACM RecSys Conference 2024 Read More 16 Oct 2024 New research network for VOD research methods A new website with all there is to know about Video-on-Demand (VoD) research methods Read More

Unveiling groundbreaking research, innovative projects, and insights on Streaming, Recommender Systems, and Platformization (SRP) in European Media Markets. Streaming, Recommenders and Platformization in European Media Industries S trategic Research Programme at imec-SMIT, Vrije Universiteit Brussel SRP Media In our digital age, understanding the interplay between technology, society, and economics is crucial. Our research aims to analyze and ensure the economic and cultural sustainability of content production, aggregation, and consumption in an era of streaming, recommenders and platformization in European Media Industries. SRP Media is part of the Media Economics & Policy unit at imec-SMIT, Vrije Universiteit Brussel . Our research Latest news updates NEW BOOK: Streaming Europe Serendipity Cards Out now: Handbook of Platform Urbanism 12 PhD positions available Impressions of IBC 2025 AI Summer School 2025 Report Published: How to Ensure Visibility and Prominence for Media Services of General Interest in Flanders Ciao from EMMA in Rome! More updates Contact us Pleinlaan 9, 1050 Brussels, Belgium Submit Thanks for your message!

< Back Chloé Grangiens PhD Researcher Chloe.Grangiens@vub.be Chloé joined imec-SMIT, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, as a PhD Researcher within the Horizon Europe Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions Doctoral Networks RePIM (Redefining Public Interest Media). Her research aims to identify which audiences are being left behind by Public Service Media and to understand how these organisations can better reach and engage these groups. Chloé’s research initially focused on media representation and content production, analysing media discourse and propaganda in crisis contexts. Her interest then expanded toward political communication, examining the relationship among political trust, digital communication and democracy. Today, she combines questions of media production with media reception and audience engagement, focusing on how public media can address challenges like platformisation and audience fragmentation to fulfil their universal service mission. Visit my research profile

< Back Runa Ziegler PhD Researcher runa.ziegler@vub.be At imec-SMIT, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Runa works in the Doctoral Network “ Revisioning Public Interest Media ", funded by the European Union’s Horizon Europe research and innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions Doctoral Networks. Her focus in this context is how Public Interest Media collaborate with each other as well as with other actors, in particular considering the role of global platforms. Runa has a background in Political Science with a Bachelor in International Relations from Malmö University and a Master in Democracy, Citizenship and Change from Dalarna University. She later combined her interests for politics and communication in a research-focused Master in Media and Communication Sciences at Mid Sweden University, focusing on Political Communication on digital platforms. Visit my research profile

< Back Nanoek Bos PhD Researcher nanoek.bos@vub.be Nanoek started as a PhD researcher at SMIT-VUB in 2026 within a broader research project on revisioning public interest media (RePIM). Her work focuses on the adaptation of organisational structures of public service media in an evolving media landscape Before starting at imec-SMIT, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Nanoek Bos obtained a dual master's degree in Communication and Information at the University of Amsterdam. She also worked as a trainee for the Joint Research Centre of the European Commission, as well as the European Science Foundation, where she worked on science communication for EU-funded projects. Her bachelor programme combined the disciplines of politics, psychology, law and economics. Her academic interests lie mainly at the intersection of communication, EU-policy and psychology. She intends to make societal impact by conducting innovative research. Visit my research profile

< Back Hanne Vandenbroucke PhD Researcher hanne.vandenbroucke@vub.be Hanne Vandenbroucke joined imec-SMIT, Vrije Universiteit Brussel as a PhD researcher on the topic of recommender algorithms and news personalization in the Flemish news media industry. She followed a unique Bachelor’s trajectory combining Languages and Linguistics with Communication Sciences at KU Leuven. She completed her Master’s in Communication Sciences cum laude at KU Leuven and extended it with an extra semester abroad at Universidad Camilo José Cela in Madrid. After graduating, Hanne gained experience working as a marketing and CRM manager in the field of digital education. In May 2023, Hanne joined the Media Economics and Policy unit . Her research focuses on recommender systems in the news media industry. Throughout her four-year doctoral journey, her research delves into the opportunities and challenges related to recommender systems development within commercial news organisations through the lens of media strategies. The first phase centers on unraveling the strategic decision-making processes in the development and implementation of recommender systems from a multi-stakeholder perspective. In the second phase, the focus shifts towards a user-centric perspective, aiming to examine the added value brought about by recommender systems throughout users' journeys and experiences. Learn more about the PhD and publications Visit my research profile

< Back GenUI(ne) CRS: UI Elements and Retrieval-Augmented Generation in Conversational Recommender Systems with LLMs Maes, U. , Michiels, L. & Smets, A. , (8 Oct 2024). GenUI(ne) CRS: UI Elements and Retrieval-Augmented Generation in Conversational Recommender Systems with LLMs. Proceedings of the 18th ACM Conference on Recommender Systems. Bari: ACM , p. 1177-1179 Previous research has used Large Language Models (LLMs) to develop personalized Conversational Recommender Systems (CRS) with text-based user interfaces (UIs). However, the potential of LLMs to generate interactive graphical elements that enhance user experience remains largely unexplored. To address this gap, we introduce "GenUI(ne) CRS," a novel framework designed to leverage LLMs for adaptive and interactive UIs. Our framework supports domain-specific graphical elements such as buttons and cards, in addition to text-based inputs. It also addresses the common LLM issue of outdated knowledge, known as the "knowledge cut-off," by implementing Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG). To illustrate its potential, we developed a prototype movie CRS. This work demonstrates the feasibility of LLM-powered interactive UIs and paves the way for future CRS research, including user experience validation, transparent explanations, and addressing LLM biases. Recommender Systems Previous Read the article Next

< Back 15 Sept 2025 Ulysse’s Impressions of the International Broadcasting Convention 2025: Shaping The Future. Last Friday September 12, I visited IBC in Amsterdam, the world’s largest annual media and broadcasting conference, to present my new subtitling and translation software subtitle.ai at the EBU booth. Although being invited by Future Media Hubs as founder of Scribewave, I also wanted to share some reflections with the SRP Media audience. The first impression was sheer scale. With more than 116 000 m² (over sixteen football fields!), the RAI venue is almost unfathomable in size. Yet, despite the crowds, check-in was smooth, and within minutes I was wandering through one of the colossal halls. Exhibitors showcased everything from switch boxes and coax cables to cameras, rigs, and Media Asset Management (MAM) systems. Tech giants like Google, Nvidia, Amazon, and Microsoft dominated the floor, while I was glad to see a strong Belgian presence as well, with companies such as Mediagenix , Limecraft , and Cuez underlining the solid position of Belgium’s media technology ecosystem. As expected, Artificial Intelligence (AI) was the dominant theme, though a touch of “AI fatigue” was noticeable. Some exhibitors even highlighted their non-AI solutions as a differentiator. Still, AI was everywhere: from powering camera selection during sports broadcasts, to enabling multimodal media search, and supporting localization workflows. This naturally connects to my own pitch on AI-assisted subtitling. With subtitle.ai, I argued for a balance: maximizing automation while keeping editors firmly in control. Mine is not the only approach in this space: I noticed many competitors in the Future Tech Hall, each with their own take on the challenge of delivering professional, multi-language subtitles. The importance of subtitles is well documented, for example: Facebook found they increase viewing time by 25%, Verizon reported 80% higher completion rates, and Discovery discovered (sorry, bad pun) that subtitles increased overall views by 13%. Add to that the fact that 85% of social media videos are watched without sound, urging younger generations to default to using subtitles (or is it because of today’s often-mumbled dialogue in films and series?) and the case is clear. Subtitles don’t just boost engagement, they’re now a legal requirement too: since June 2025, the European Accessibility Act mandates closed captions for all content published in Europe. So how does subtitle.ai stand out? The software learns from your formatting guidelines (i.e. 42 CPL, two lines, natural breaks, speaker change indicators) to automate as much as possible, while still allowing editors to review and adjust quickly. Once finished, subtitles can be bulk-translated and auto-formatted into more than 90 languages. Because captions are generated at the word level, they can also be repurposed to create engaging social media highlights, with animated, colorful subtitles designed to capture attention. That was the core message of my pitch, delivered alongside a set of inspiring entrepreneurs and innovators in the media space: • Overtone: contextual intelligence for smarter brand placement in articles • Hypecast: a podcasting platform for internal business communication • SentiGeek: extracting usable insights from messy datasets • And last but not least: a live demo of an interactive audience feedback system from the founder of Pimp My Comedy I’m very grateful to VRT and Future Media Hubs for the opportunity to showcase my work, and thankful for the new connections with media professionals. While my first IBC experience was overwhelming in scale, it left me inspired and more enthusiastic than ever about the creative, inventive ways this industry is tackling its biggest challenges. Previous Next Impressions of IBC 2025

< Back 27 Jan 2025 Evaluating Public Service Media (PSM) in-house video-on-demand (VoD) services Public service media (PSM) all over the world have consistently been subject to social and technological changes . These include radical changes in media use, the advent of streaming services , and the dominance of big tech. The new competitors for the attention of citizens have challenged PSM both as an institution and as organisations. The profound changes in the media landscape have affected the broadcasters themselves, requiring them to transform into fully digital, online-first organisations . In this context, we present results from research conducted during the second year of PSM-AP , a large-scale comparative research project analysing ‘Public Service Media in the Age of Platforms’. In this policy brief , we put forward a series of findings and recommendations on PSM publishing and personalisation practices based on analysis of the PSM in-house video-on-demand (VoD) services and main linear channels in the Belgian market , alongside insights from our wider analysis that includes Canada, Denmark, Italy, Poland, and the UK. Visit the webpage: https://smit.research.vub.be/en/policy-brief-82-streaming-public-service-television-in-the-age-of-platforms Streaming_public_service_television_in_the_age_of_platforms .pdf Download PDF • 725KB https://doi.org/10.48785/100/301 Previous Next New Policy Brief: Streaming Public Service Television in the Age of Platforms