< Back Not One News Recommender To Fit Them All: How Different Recommender Strategies Serve Various User Segments Vandenbroucke, H., Maes, U., Michiels, L., & Smets, A. (2025). Not One News Recommender To Fit Them All: How Different Recommender Strategies Serve Various User Segments. In 19th ACM Conference on Recommender Systems Proceedings . ACM. Many news recommender systems (NRS) adopt a one-recommender-for-all approach, overlooking that users engage with news in fundamentally different ways. In this work, we identify user clusters based on various engagement metrics that go beyond clicks by employing cluster analysis on two real-world datasets: EB-NeRD and Adressa. Next to that, we evaluate the performance of common rec-ommender strategies: popularity, collaborative filtering (EASE and ItemKNN), and a content-based model across these user clusters, which exhibit varying reading behaviors and information needs. Our findings show that different recommender strategies are effective to varying degrees depending on the user cluster. This study contributes to NRS research by providing a grounded clustering of users derived from real-world datasets and emphasizes the importance of user-centered evaluations for understanding how NRS strategies serve audiences with varying levels of news engagement. Recommender Systems Previous Read the article Next

< Back Pieter Van der Elst PhD Researcher pieter.van.der.elst@vub.be Pieter Van der Elst joined imec-SMIT as a PhD candidate in 2023. Researching on the broader topic of algorithmic recommenders in the Flemish media industry, his thesis focuses on how the public service broadcaster VRT positions itself within a contemporary media context. His academic interests lie mainly in media economics and datafication of media. Before his start at imec-SMIT he briefly worked as a consultant for one of the leading social bureaus for artists (SBK’s) in the Flemish cultural industry, providing services exclusively to VRT. He obtained a Bachelor’s degree in Journalism and subsequently a Master’s degree in Communication Studies. Visit my research profile

< Back Understanding Algorithmic gatekeepers to promote Epistemic welfare ALGEPI Technological and economic developments have led to the availability of an overwhelming quantity of digital content. Therefore, it has become crucial, in particular for media content providers, to incorporate algorithmic gatekeepers, which filter, rank and recommend content. Are these algorithmic gatekeepers undermining media’s contribution to epistemic welfare? In ALGEPI, we start from the novel concept of epistemic welfare, defined as the individuals’ right to know and be exposed to trustworthy, independent and diverse information while respecting individual rights to their own data. By connecting legal, political, technological and sociocultural perspectives, we will develop a conceptual framework for epistemic welfare. This framework will allow us to understand the effects of algorithmic gatekeepers on epistemic welfare. The new interdisciplinary research program will build on multi-method empirical research applied to algorithmic gatekeepers. Thanks to the theoretical and empirical findings, we will be able to develop normative instruments to align algorithmic gatekeeping with epistemic welfare. Taking the novel concept of epistemic welfare as a starting point allows all project partners to embark on a joint, integrated exploration of the concept. This may lead to a paradigmatic shift in the conceptualization of the impact of algorithmic gatekeepers in media sectors, proposing to expand the notions of media pluralism and consumer welfare to epistemic welfare. Multistakeholder challenges and opportunities of news recommender systems in newsrooms: a comparative systematic literature review 2026 Read You Might Also (Not) Like … : Newsroom Wariness to News Personalisation? 2026 Read Researchers on this project Aina Errando PhD Researcher Adelaida Afilipoaie Postdoctoral Researcher Heritiana Ranaivoson Research Professor Consortium partners Namur Digital Institute HUMAN-IST ReSIC Center de recherche Namur Digital Institute 1/6 Tags Artificial Intelligence, Platforms, Regulation, Media Policy Previous Next

< Back People, personalisation, prominence: A framework for analysing the PSM shift to digital portals and interrogating universality across contexts Iordache, C. et al. (2024). People, personalisation, prominence: A framework for analysing the PSM shift to digital portals and interrogating universality across contexts. International Journal of Cultural Studies. https://doi.org/10.1177/13678779241296556 In the context of enhanced platformisation, Public Service Media (PSM) are once again forced to rethink the ways in which they achieve core public values. To this end, PSM have been prioritising the development of their own video-on-demand portals. To contribute to ongoing research, we propose a theoretical framework that can be applied by future PSM work, based on the operationalisation of platformisation in PSM policy documents and strategy. We identify the shared priorities across ten media organisations in seven media markets: Belgium—Flanders and Wallonia-Brussels, Canada, Denmark, Italy, Poland, and the UK. The study is based on the qualitative analysis of 61 documents, outlining the PSM remit and how they report and present themselves to governments, collaborators, and audiences, contextualised by ongoing national and regional debates. Findings confirm that the framework of people, personalisation, and prominence can serve as a useful theoretical basis for understanding and interrogating universality across contexts. Public Service Media Previous Read the article Next

< Back Challenges and requirements for implementing due prominence: aligning stakeholder interests in Flanders Van der Elst, P., Afilipoaie, A., & Raats, T. (2025). Challenges and requirements for implementing due prominence: aligning stakeholder interests in Flanders. Frontiers in Communication, 10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fcomm.2025.1569132 Since the introduction of Article 7a in the Audiovisual Media Services Directive (AVMSD), which enables Member States to impose measures that ensure prominence of general interest services on user interfaces, discussions within media policy on the need of these measures have increased markedly. In Member States such as Germany, France, Italy and Ireland, commitments were already imposed on players offering user interfaces to audiovisual—and in some cases also audio—media services and content of general interest. This article presents the findings of a study examining the desirability and feasibility of implementing due prominence measures in Flanders (Belgium). The research adopts a media policy analytical approach and examines the (i) positions of the different stakeholders on the desirability and feasibility of a revised prominence regime, (ii) the extent to which interests across different stakeholders can be aligned and (iii) the considerations governments need to take into account when developing due prominence measures in Member States. The research is based on a stakeholder consultation conducted with broadcasters, television distributors, streaming services and hardware manufacturers operating in the Flemish market. The research is complemented with interviews with representatives of different market actors. The study identifies considerable oppositional logics between broadcasters and hardware manufacturers and raises challenges in defining the scope of ‘general interest’, the addressees of prominence measures, contextual factors such as markets size and path-dependency in media policy, and the commensurability between different existing legal frameworks at the national and EU level. The authors argue for clearer, more explicit guidelines at the EU level regarding the interpretation of Article 7a. Stakeholders Previous Read the article Next

< Back It’s (Not) All About That CTR: a Multi-Stakeholder Perspective on News Recommender Metrics Vandenbroucke, H., & Smets, A. (2024). It’s (Not) All About That CTR: a Multi-Stakeholder Perspective on News Recommender Metrics. In Proceedings of the 18th ACM Conference on Recommender Systems. Recommender systems are increasingly used by news media organizations. Existing literature examines various aspects of news recommender systems (NRS) from a computational, user-centric, or normative perspective. Yet research advocates studying the complexities of real-world applications around NRS. Recently, a multi-stakeholder approach to NRS has been adopted, allowing to understand different stakeholder perspectives on NRS development and evaluation within the news organization. However, little research has been done on the different key performance indicators (KPIs) and metrics considered valuable by different stakeholders. Based on 11 interviews with professionals from two commercial news publishers, this paper demonstrates that stakeholders prioritize distinct KPIs and metrics related to the reach-engagement-conversion-retention funnel. The evaluation of NRS performance is often limited to short-term metrics like CTR, overlooking the multiplicity of stakeholders involved. Our findings reveal how different purposes, KPIs, and metrics are valued from the journalistic, commercial, and tech logic. In doing so, this paper contributes to the multi-stakeholder approach to NRS, advancing our understanding of the real-world complexity of NRS development and evaluation. Recommender Systems, Newsmedia Previous Read the article Next

< Back Dubbing wars: localisation strategies of transnational streaming services for Spanish ‘original’ works Gallo, P., & Iordache, C. (2026). Dubbing wars: localisation strategies of transnational streaming services for Spanish ‘original’ works. Convergence: The International Journal of Research into New Media Technologies , 1-17. https://doi.org/10.1177/1354856526141627 This research investigates the intricate process of localising subscription video-on-demand (SVOD) services on a transnational scale, with a specific focus on the translation of Spanish ‘original’ and ‘exclusive’ works of Netflix and Prime Video. As SVOD companies expand their services internationally, the necessity of adapting to diverse national markets becomes paramount. Language emerges as a pivotal factor in this process: audiovisual works must provide adequate subtitling and dubbing options to address the diverse linguistic nuances of international audiences. The research aims to analyse the language localisation strategies for Spanish works in transnational SVOD services, by examining the dubbing and subtitling options offered. The article provides a mapping of the strategies and partners adopted by these companies focussing on a sample of local works. Additionally, by collecting data from the two SVOD services and through interviews with dubbing studios, the research analyses mergers, acquisitions and power relations between dubbing companies, as well as the impact on competition generated by transnational streaming services. Both Netflix and Amazon have increasingly added more language options for content offerings as part of their internationalisation, which has favoured the proliferation of a specific type of company and business model in the dubbing sector. This consists of transnational corporations that have provided localisation services in the wake of the internationalisation of streamers, and that have managed to keep up with the demands through mergers and acquisitions with studios in foreign countries. Platforms Previous Read the article Next

< Back The platformization of Public Service Media. A comparative analysis of five BVOD services in Western and Northern Europe Iordache, C., & Raats, T. (2023). The platformization of Public Service Media. A comparative analysis of five BVOD services in Western and Northern Europe. International Journal of Media and Cultural Politics , 19 (1), 3-22. https://doi.org/10.1386/macp_00070_1 Recent developments in the media industries have signalled the need for public service media (PSM) organizations to reposition themselves in order to reach audiences, and also secure financial sustainability and programming rights. In repositioning themselves, PSM have increasingly embraced some of the core characteristics of platforms by developing a central video-on-demand (VOD) service as portal to PSM services, investing in exclusive content and using data to create richer user experiences and gain insights into audience practices. However, this ‘platformization’ process comes with both challenges and opportunities to reach the public service remit. This article conducts an analysis of the on-demand portals of PSM, to uncover how platformization is reshaping the PSM core remit and values, and how these are transposed in online services and offerings. The research employs a comparative case study analysis of five VOD services of PSM in Western and Northern Europe: Belgium-Flanders (VRT.NU), BelgiumWallonia (RTBF Auvio), Finland (Yle Areena), Ireland (RTÉ Player) and Norway (NRK TV). The results discuss three main categories: interfaces and features, strategies for catalogue and content curation, and tools for discoverability and prominence. Platforms, Public Service Media Previous Read the article Next

< Back 20 Jun 2024 Preliminary findings of Pieter's case study: The digital-first strategy of VRT In the span of a month, Pieter Van der Elst got to present his PhD work-in-progress at two different international conferences. First, he participated in the RIPE conference held in Lisbon from 16 til 18 May 2024. The RIPE conference is dedicated to research on Public Service Media (PSM) for innovation and sustainability. In a paper presentation about his case study on Flemish public broadcaster VRT's digital-first audio strategy, he outlined the innovative approaches VRT has adopted to adjust their operations to the platform era media landscape. The RIPE conference brings together established and junior researchers working on the topic of Public Service Media in the digital age. A perfect match with Pieter's work to present the preliminary findings, gather valuable feedback, and have some interesting discussions. Pieter's next stop was the workshop on 'Television Strategies in an On-Demand Driven Media Culture', at the Danish Aarhus University. In the two-day gathering on 13 and 14 June 2024, Pieter presented the VRT case study to academics and industry representatives, in hopes of enriching their work on television with his learnings and take-aways on digital audio. Previous Next Presenting VRT's digital first strategy

< Back Impacts of AI on Music Consumption and Fairness Henry, A., Wiratama, V., Afilipoaie, A., Ranaivoson, H., & Arrivé, E. (2024). Impacts of AI on Music Consumption and Fairness. Emerging Media, 0(0). https://doi.org/10.1177/27523543241269047 The algorithmic systems utilized by music streaming services have the potential to positively influence individual choices by promoting new artists, but they are also often accused of perpetuating biases. In this research note, we aim to explore the impact of these platforms’ AI-based algorithms on fairness in music consumption. To address this question, we adopt a multidimensional approach that considers the legal, economic, and algorithmic dimensions of fairness. This approach is applied to our EU Horizon Europe Fair MusE project, which advocates for a fairer music ecosystem. However, it should be noted that we propose a tool to score output (playlists) based on fairness models instead of directly altering the algorithms. Data from end users, data brokers, and open-source databases will inform the model, while the processing of the data is aimed at providing users with insights into algorithmic biases and empower them to influence the output. Acknowledging this aspect, this research note serves as a prelude to highlight the need for increased transparency and explainability of algorithms. Furthermore, we seek to inform policy interventions that promote fairness, particularly regarding data sharing between creators and platform providers. Such interventions would foster trust among stakeholders and benefit both users and businesses. Platforms Previous Read the article Next

< Back Beyond rational choice: A typology of urban discovery Binst, B., Michiels, L., & Smets, A. (2026). Beyond rational choice: A typology of urban discovery. Tourism Management , 113 , 105327. As the internet, smartphones, and review platforms transform how travelers discover urban attractions, understanding this process is critical for harnessing a sustainable urban attraction space. Yet urban discovery remains poorly understood, and existing research is fragmented. To address this gap, we adapt Leiper's tourist attraction systems framework to study urban discovery. Our grounded theory analysis on 126 interviews resulted in five distinct discovery modes: instrumental-rational, go-with-the-flow, social, flaneur, and habitual. Besides richly describing these modes, we identify personal, social, contextual, demographic, and affective factors influencing them. We illustrate how playful discovery modes—go-with-the-flow, social, and flaneur—are compatible, leading to mixed discovery modes, while the remaining modes are incompatible. These findings challenge the dominance of rational choice models by revealing a broader spectrum of discovery behaviors. They also provide a foundation for designing a more inclusive urban attraction content space and offer strategic implications for urban attraction management. Previous Read the article Next

< Back Integrating discoverability and prominence in video-on-demand consumption choices. A qualitative user study in Belgium Iordache, C., Loisen, J., & Van Audenhove, L. (2023). Integrating discoverability and prominence in video-on-demand consumption choices. A qualitative user study in Belgium. International Communication Gazette . https://doi.org/10.1177/17480485231191898 As video-on-demand services have taken a central position in audiovisual distribution in European markets, over-the-top viewing has become increasingly popular. This shift has heavily impacted consumption patterns and exposure diversity, as they are reshaped by non-linear distribution and technological affordances. This article aims to integrate debates on discoverability and prominence within wider research on video-on-demand consumption. It does so by widening the existing focus on the strategies deployed by video-on-demand services to capture users’ contexts and actions in the consumption decision-making process. The framework is based on exploratory qualitative research conducted in Belgium through a diary study and in-depth interviews and can contribute to future audience research on video-on-demand consumption choices. We find that users discover and choose audiovisual content to consume on demand through a combination of formal and informal factors. These are grouped into four thematic categories, namely technological affordances, perceived offering, external ‘nudges’, and process. Platforms Previous Read the article Next